GLOSSARY OF URDU POETRY
NAZM: IN A BROADER SENSE THE TERM IS USED TO DESCRIBE ALL KIND OF POETRY, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM PROSE.HOWEVER, IN ITS LITERARY SENSE A NAZM IS A WELL ORGANISED, LOGICALLY EVOLVING POEM ( UNLIKE THE GHAZAL ), WHERE EACH INDIVIDUAL VERSE SUB_SERVES THE NEED OF THE CENTRAL THOUGHT OR THEME. THOUGH THE NAZM IS TRADITIONALLY WRITTEN IN RHYMED VERSE, THERE ARE MANY EXAMPLES OF NAZM IN UNRHYMED VERSE OR EVEN IN FREE VERSE.
MASNAVI: GENERALLY A LONG NARRATIVE POEM, MUCH LONGER THAN THE GHAZAL...EMBODYING RELIGIOUS, ROMANTIC OR DIDACTIC STORIES. IT IS WRITTEN IN RHYMING COUPLETS WITH EACH COUPLET HAVING A DIFFERENT RHYME AND RADEEF.
MARSIA: A POEM WRITTEN TO MOURN THE DEATH OF A GREAT MAN OR A DEARLY LOVED PERSON. IN ITS STRICTER SENSE, TRADITIONALLY ACCEPTED IN URDU, SPECIFICALLY IN HONOUR OF THE MARTYRDOM OF A GREAT MAN OR A DEARLY LOVED PERSON.
QASEEDA: A POEM WRITTEN IN PRAISE OF A KING OR A NOBLEMAN OR A BENEFACTOR. AS IN A GHAZAL THE OPENING COUPLET OF A QASEEDA IS A RHYMING COUPLET, AND ITS RHYME IS REPEATED IN THE SECOND LINE OF EACH SUCCEEDING VERSE. THE OPENING PART OF QASEEDA, WHERE POET MAY TALK IN GENERAL ABOUT LOVE OR BEAUTY, MAN OR NATURE, LIFE OR DEATH, IS CALLED TASHBEEB OR TAMHEED.
RUBAI: A SELF SUFFICIENT QUATRAIN AND DEALING, GENERALLY, WITH A SINGLE IDEA, WHICH IT IS CUSTOMARY TO INTRODUCEWITH THE AID OF SIMILIES IN THE FIRST THREE LINES AND CONCLUDE WITH CONCENTRATED EFFECT, IN THE FOURTH LINE. ROMANTIC, PHILOSOPHIC THEMES ARE FAVOURITE SUBJECTS OF THE RUBAI.
NAZM: IN A BROADER SENSE THE TERM IS USED TO DESCRIBE ALL KIND OF POETRY, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM PROSE.HOWEVER, IN ITS LITERARY SENSE A NAZM IS A WELL ORGANISED, LOGICALLY EVOLVING POEM ( UNLIKE THE GHAZAL ), WHERE EACH INDIVIDUAL VERSE SUB_SERVES THE NEED OF THE CENTRAL THOUGHT OR THEME. THOUGH THE NAZM IS TRADITIONALLY WRITTEN IN RHYMED VERSE, THERE ARE MANY EXAMPLES OF NAZM IN UNRHYMED VERSE OR EVEN IN FREE VERSE.
MASNAVI: GENERALLY A LONG NARRATIVE POEM, MUCH LONGER THAN THE GHAZAL...EMBODYING RELIGIOUS, ROMANTIC OR DIDACTIC STORIES. IT IS WRITTEN IN RHYMING COUPLETS WITH EACH COUPLET HAVING A DIFFERENT RHYME AND RADEEF.
MARSIA: A POEM WRITTEN TO MOURN THE DEATH OF A GREAT MAN OR A DEARLY LOVED PERSON. IN ITS STRICTER SENSE, TRADITIONALLY ACCEPTED IN URDU, SPECIFICALLY IN HONOUR OF THE MARTYRDOM OF A GREAT MAN OR A DEARLY LOVED PERSON.
QASEEDA: A POEM WRITTEN IN PRAISE OF A KING OR A NOBLEMAN OR A BENEFACTOR. AS IN A GHAZAL THE OPENING COUPLET OF A QASEEDA IS A RHYMING COUPLET, AND ITS RHYME IS REPEATED IN THE SECOND LINE OF EACH SUCCEEDING VERSE. THE OPENING PART OF QASEEDA, WHERE POET MAY TALK IN GENERAL ABOUT LOVE OR BEAUTY, MAN OR NATURE, LIFE OR DEATH, IS CALLED TASHBEEB OR TAMHEED.
RUBAI: A SELF SUFFICIENT QUATRAIN AND DEALING, GENERALLY, WITH A SINGLE IDEA, WHICH IT IS CUSTOMARY TO INTRODUCEWITH THE AID OF SIMILIES IN THE FIRST THREE LINES AND CONCLUDE WITH CONCENTRATED EFFECT, IN THE FOURTH LINE. ROMANTIC, PHILOSOPHIC THEMES ARE FAVOURITE SUBJECTS OF THE RUBAI.
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